Faith Or Destiny - Young Goodman Brown Essays - Young Goodman Brown

Faith Or Destiny - Young Goodman Brown Faith or Destiny Nathaniel Hawthorne made his mark as a major American writer in 1850, with the publication of The Scarlet Letter. His work appeals to different levels of readers because he creates complex and elaborate settings. Through conflicts within his characters, he analyzes the moral and psychological issues often consumed by their own passions. As he was growing up he could not escape the influence of Puritan religion. This influence along with the setting of his hometown in Salem, Massachusetts are common topics in his work in Young Goodman Brown. Nathaniel Hawthorne considers the question of good and evil, suggesting that true evil is judging and condemning others for sin without looking at one's own sinfulness. He examines the idea that sin is part of being human and there is no escape from it. Of the many symbols he uses in this story, each has a profound meaning. They represent good and evil in the constant struggle of a young innocent man whose faith is being tested. A s the story begins, Young Goodman Brown bids farewell to his young wife Faith, as [she] was aptly named (211). When she thrust her own pretty head into the street, letting the wind play with the pink ribbons of her cap we associate the purity of Faith and the pink ribbons as a sign of the innocence and goodness of the town he is leaving behind (211). As he continues on his present evil purpose he sets off at sunset to enter the forest (212). A place darkened by all the gloomiest trees, unknown territory, and a place where there may be a devilish Indian behind every tree, with this we know the forest represents evil and sinfulness (212). His decision to enter the forest and leave his Faith behind is the first decision, of many, between good and evil that he must make. After entering the forest he meets a traveler whom he later finds out is the devil. He is carrying a staff representing evil, which bore the likeness of a great black snake, so curiously wrought, that it might almost be seen to twist and wriggle itself, like a living serpent (213). When the traveler offers his staff to Young Goodman Brown he resists by replying, having kept covenant by meeting thee here, it is my purpose to return whence I came. I have scruples, touching the matter thou wot'st of (213). Still feeling strong in resisting temptation, Young Goodman Brown refuses to be the first of the name of Brown, that ever took this path, and kept- (213). At this time he feels he can resist any temptation by keeping his faith. He refuses to believe the devil when he reveals to him that he has been well acquainted with [his] family[they] were good friends (213). In disbelief Young Goodman Brown is devastated, but knows that he still has his Faith. It would break her dear little heart; and I'd rather break my own!' (214). Trying desperately he holds on to his Christian belief, that he is going to Heaven, even when he recognizes the old woman who passes and says That old woman taught me catechism! (2 15). Soon after he also hears Deacon Gookin and the minister discussing the evenings event. Knowing that these people, in his mind were the forefront of goodness on Earth, he is shattered as, Young Goodman Brown caught hold of a tree, for support, being ready to sink down on the ground, faint and overburdened with the heavy sickness of his heart (216). He again tries to resist temptation and cries out, With Heaven above, and Faith below, I will yet stand firm against the devil! (216). But when he hears many voices and among them is Faith, in desperation he yells out to her. As he awaits a response, a pink ribbon that fluttered lightly down through the air as he catches it he cries, My Faith is gone!There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! for to thee is this world given (217). When he reaches his final destination he has lost all faith in mankind and everything he

Lie Detectors Tell Lies The Unreliability of Polygraphs Used in Criminal Trials and Investigations essays

Lie Detectors Tell Lies The Unreliability of Polygraphs Used in Criminal Trials and Investigations essays Lie Detectors Tell Lies : The Unreliability of Polygraphs Used in Criminal Trials and Polygraphs, commonly known as lie detector tests, are in question to whether or not they are realiable enough to use in court cases. The common test used in criminal investigations is the Control Question Test (CQT) . The CQT works by comparing physiological disturbances that occur when questions are asked which are relative to the crime in question. Vague control questions are asked to allow an innocent person to show more physiological disturbances to the vague questions than to the questions which are directly relevant to the crime at hand. If the person in question shows more disturbances when asked the relevant questions, it is a good indication of deception (Honts 309). Even though courts and criminal investigators do permit other unreliable evidence such as eyewitness testimonies, the polygraph is not reliable enough to be allowed as evidence in the delicate process and evidence in criminal investigations. Polygraphs can too easily be defeated by simple countermeasures to be accepted as reliable and allowed in criminal investigations. Charles Honts , David Raskin, and John Kircher from the Department of Psychology at the University of Utah state the following in their article Mental and Physical Countermeasures Reduce the Accuracy of Polygraph Tests: Research has shown that training in simple physical maneuvers, such as biting the tongue or pressing the toes to the floor, can be effective in defeating polygraph tests by enhancing physiological reactions to control questions. Honts, Hodes, and Raskin reported that 60% of their decisions were incorrect when subjects had been trained to unobtrusively bite their tongues and press their toes to the floor when control questions were presented during the test. Using similar training and stronger incentives to pass the test,...

Deafness Critique Scholarly Articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Deafness Critique Scholarly Articles - Essay Example In total 19 children participated in the study from which 10 were females and 9 males, aged 12-14 years. Children included in the study had binaural, sensori-neural severe to profound hearing loss. Children with hearing loss often have difficulties acquiring spoken language, vocabulary problems and reading comprehension deficits. Their voice and speech features disturb their speech intelligibility, which in turn disrupts their functioning in various areas such as communication skills, academic success and social behaviour. Spoken language deficits represent an enormous impediment for the construction of social relationships; likewise academic success may be affected because of reduced participation in the classroom. Children with hearing loss have difficulties to communicate with their teacher and hearing peers; in fact, students who are more skilful in their spoken language integrate better than their less skilled counterparts. The article examines socio-emotional characteristics of inclusion showing its relevance when educators are request to approach their students with disabilities in an efficient manner. A suitable educational program which fulfils the requirements of children with disabilities may help them to achieve optimal academic and social benefits. The investigator studied the relationship between speech intangibility in the context of group inclusion and individual inclusion. Group inclusion refers to special classes within regular schools; and individual inclusion refers to individuals integrated into regular classes with only hearing peers. Results of the study concerning emotional and social feelings of children with hearing loss, revealed no significant difference for either, sense of loneliness or sense of coherence between children in the two educational settings. These results are in line with the outcomes from other studies which reported similar findings indicating that increased loneliness experience and academic failure or educational s etting are not related. Indeed, the report of such socio-emotional feelings is intrinsic to the disability itself and to the experience of living with disabilities. Comparable to other children at risk for learning disabilities, children with hearing loss feel different from the rest of the group having deepest sense of loneliness and lower coherence. On the other hand the study showed a significant difference in relation to the score of speech intelligibility and the environment that surrounds the child. In group inclusion setting children had lower speech intelligibility score than did children in individual inclusion setting. On this respect the possibility to rely solely on spoken language makes the difference; children in group inclusion probably use simultaneously communication skills which are different from speech. Moreover, children attending individual inclusion at school rated by their peers as having better speech intelligibility reported less loneliness and more coheren ce. Bearing in mind that good speech intelligibility is used as criteria to include a child in one setting or another, cause-effect interaction should also be deliberated when considering these results. Inclusion involves modifications in the regular classroom to accommodate all different learners, offering special services to meet the needs of all children within the regular classroom. In an inclusive setting the educator has the primary responsibility for teaching

Communication Behaviors and Organizational Culture Research Paper

Communication Behaviors and Organizational Culture - Research Paper Example The two factors can apply individually or intertwine in an organization. In this context, organizational performance may refer to levels of customer satisfaction, quality, and quantity in production, sustainability, motivation, and compliance to set standards. Moreover, communication in the workplace is very fundamental since it defines how different stakeholders relate to an organization. On the other hand, organizational culture derives a lot of significance in an organization in that it defines the uniqueness of operations in the workplace. Notably, there can be an interface between communication behaviors and organizational culture since the design and implementation of organizational culture is the mandate of the same management. At the same time, the interface of communication behaviors among the managers and organizational culture can have subtle effects on the organization and its performance. This leads us to the research question, which seeks to establish how communication behaviors, organization culture, and their interface affect organizational performance. ... Organizational communication measures the levels of transmitting information about the organization from the organization to the stakeholders. It has the direct and indirect influence on organizational performance (Garnett et al, 2008). Notably, communication applies to all stakeholders in an organization. Indeed, there are two types of communication in an organization, which includes internal organizational communication and external organizational communication (Rho, 2009). Specifically, internal organizational communication may be horizontal, downward, or upward depending on the source and recipient of information. Downward communication is the most dominant and it involves the flow of information from the management to the subordinates. The information in this communication relates to job instruction, orders, job description, organizational goals, and company policies (Rho, 2009). Effective downward communication ensures that employees understand and adhere to the objectives, mis sion, and overall strategy of an organization thus improving its performance. Indeed, employees will seek to perform to the organization directives thus ensuring productivity that will reflect the organization’s aims, which will guarantee customer satisfaction and increased returns. On the other hand, upward communication refers to the flow of information from the subordinates to the management. Such information relates to work progress, challenges, opportunities, recommendations, aspects of other competitors, and feelings about the organization and the management (Rho, 2009).  Ã‚  

Strategic Retail Management in Competitive Environment Essay

Strategic Retail Management in Competitive Environment - Essay Example Perception of many people from brand name has moved towards product quality cost and service delivered (Experian, 2011). This has motivated several new retailers to enter into the already competitive market. This has raised survival issues for many new and old retailers, and demands for new strategies and activities to sustain their position in the market (Experian, 2011). The culture of buying has shifted largely towards online viewing and ordering. People visiting the store are easy to urge towards company’s product, and they are the ones who gives the company greater revenue than the online buyers (Experian, 2011). However, this ratio has also taken a 180 degree change in many of the top retail stores, including the ones discuss in this paper, where online buyers makes around 80% of the total income of the company (Experian, 2011). 1. Competitive Environment of UK Retail Industry The retail sector of UK is the only largest private recruiter because it employs around three m illion people. This sector covers a prominent percentage of employment in UK because more than half of the UK population work part time in retail stores. The retail industry of UK is immensely supportive for the economy of the region as it generates abundance of revenue to sustain the economical position of UK. Therefore, the in order to evaluate the environment of this sector Porter’s five forces analysis and PEST analysis of the industry are being done (Obitz, 2009). Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of UK Luxury Retail Sector The analysis of the retail industry of UK is significant for accomplishing the purpose of the paper. Therefore, when it comes to analyze the competitive environment of any industry, Porter’s Five Forces Model appears covering all the areas required for evaluating a competitive environment. i. Threats of Substitute The threat for substitute products in the luxury retail market of UK is quite low as non-food items sold by luxury retailers do n ot have major substitutes. This is due to the fact that buyers purchase luxury items as a result of their perceived luxury associated with their purchases and therefore they do not substitute these products. The threat of substitute is not apparent and the actual threat is only limited to the pricing offered by different retailers for similar products (Nwankwo & Gbadamosi, 2011). ii. Threats of New Entrants In the luxury retail side of the market, there are lower threats of the new entrants in the industry. This is due to the high level of barriers for developing brand and then high level of investment is required for developing brand recognition and its positioning in the luxury brand market. It is difficult for new market entrants to offer product differentiation in the cloth retailing and also change buyers’ attitude which keeps them loyal to already existing luxury brands. Moreover, it has been noted in the luxury retail market that existing brands place barriers for the new entrants by increasing their marketing activities and also undertaking other initiatives that could

Group Work On Presenting A Health Topic Nursing Essay

Group Work On Presenting A Health Topic Nursing Essay Individuals get together to form a group in order to accomplish a specific goal or task. The task was to work as a group and present a health topic by participating in a health fair. The process of preparing for the health fair included developing a needs assessment tool, creating a teaching plan, making a display board, and creating an evaluation tool. In order to analyze group process, it is necessary to look at the developmental stages of the group and the concepts involved in group decision making, conflict, and cohesion. The knowledge of group concepts can help me adjust to various roles in the health care team and how to be prepared for future challenges as a Registered Nurse. Discussion Decision Making Tuckmans model is a theory used to evaluate how a group is developing. Dimock and Kass (2007), describe the five stages of group growth called forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. Forming of the group takes place in the beginning stage, and tasks are distributed amongst the group. Group members are involved in making a number of group decisions that include how to organize and distribute the work, when to meet, and how to approach the goal. Group decision making can be described as the process of moving from a diverse set of individual positions or preferences to agreement on consensus choice for the group (Kerr Tindale, 2004). For example, the decision on which health fair topic to teach to the public was made on consensus. There were a number of similar topics on how to promote health to the community. Two groups had nutrition and it was decided that both groups could have the same topic but have different focuses. Our group had importance of breakfast while the other group focused on fast food. Also, groups were placed at different ends of the school so information could reach a wide variety of people. Group members possess prior knowledge and expertise, which can be distributed within the group effecting group performance (Rulke Galaskiewicz, 2000). Student D had background knowledge in computers and was given the task of calculating the results of the questionnaire. Student C had excellent communication skills and was able to hand out the questionnaires to several people. When designing the learning needs assessment tool and the overall look of the display board, it was decided that student A would be assigned this task because of previous skills in arts. Other decisions based on consensus included, when to meet up as a group because it was important that each group member was there to contribute to the work. It was difficult to get together because of other priorities, family, work, and school. When making the learning needs assessment tool, it was decided that each member would bring a few questions each, to makeup the questionnaire. Also, decisions of what to bring to the health fair and how to present the information took group effort and decision making. When a consensus is not made as a group, conflict can occur causing problems of reaching the goal. Conflict Conflict is a normal stage of group development and can be seen in the storming stage of Tuckmans model. According to Jehn Mannix (2001), conflict occurs when group members have incompatible views and differences. Conflict can be characterized in three group called relationship, task and process conflict. Relationship conflict is when group members are not getting along causing tension and friction. For example, student E did not finish her journal on the date the group decided on. Also, student E was late coming to meetings and made decisions on their own without consensus of the group. This caused tension amongst the other group members and feeling of frustration towards student E. Task conflict is a difference of ideas and opinions regarding group task (Jehn Mannix, 2001). For example, when making the display board, students worked in pairs or individually and not as a group. Student C was unclear of what pictures should be used for the board and student A started placing pictures onto the board without group collaboration. There was a difference of ideas of what the board should display and how it should be displayed. Jehn Mannix (2001), define process conflict as an awareness of controversies about aspects of how task accomplishment will proceed. Process conflict pertains to issues of duty and resource delegation, such as who should do what and how much responsibility different people should get. This can be observed when making the learning needs assessment tool. The group made it clear of what task each student was assigned to do. During this assignment, each student had to bring in three questions to make the questionnaire. Student A did the typing, B and C were to collect the information and put it together, while student D and E had to do the reference. Student E decided to do the assignment on her own which created conflict. There was no communication or decision making process as to how to create the questionnaire. The group could have handled this conflict differently by understanding group member roles and how they impact each other. Cohesion The group can be seen at the performing stage where interpersonal conflict has been resolved and a feeling of belonging to the group has been formed. In the performing stage, the group has a high degree of autonomy and work towards accomplishment of goals (Dimock Kass, 2007). For the health fair presentation, the group coordinated well in bringing the ideas of all group members. Student A gathered all the information to be displayed on the board. Student B and E chose the breakfast food items that were to be handed out. Student D was knowledgeable in how breakfast can affect student performance. Also, student C was able to get the message across to the public about the benefits of eating breakfast. Towards the end, group members understood each other better and became comfortable about being part of the group. Learning These concepts are important as a Registered Nurse because leadership is an important quality. Leaders are skilled in thinking reflectively, communicating, making decisions, solving problems, and working with others (Sullivan Decker, 2005). This assignment has helped to practice and improve on my role as a leader and increase my confidence in this role. I hope to develop strong leadership abilities to meet the challenges in the role change to Registered Nurse. Working collaboratively, resolving conflict, communicating in an assertive manner are skills that students can learn to practice in groups. These skills are also valuable to new nursing graduates (Rideout, 2001). As Registered Nurses have opportunities for several leadership positions the need to increase knowledge of group process is important. According to Rideout (2001), applying principles of group dynamics to interactions with families and community groups during care is a part of everyday work of nurses. An example of a leadership role is a nurse as an educator. Nurses provide health teaching to clients and share expertise to team members. The ability to function as an effective team member requires the ability to take on different roles (Dimock Kass, 2007). Conclusion In conclusion, the health fair assignment has helped me to learn how to approach decision making, deal with conflict, and become a member of a team. It was a great learning experience to get out into the community to do health teaching. Being able to bring people together outside of the classroom and have fun teaching others about the importance of healthy eating. Using self-evaluation and being aware of these concepts can improve my leadership skills as a Registered Nurse in the health care team.

Masculinity in Men Should Weep by Ena Lamont Stewart and Perfect Days b

Masculinity in "Men Should Weep" by Ena Lamont Stewart and "Perfect Days" by Liz Lochead Both plays portray men under a negative light. In ‘Men Should Weep’ men are the dominant sex and are seen socially of far greater importance. Whereas in ‘Perfect days’ men are easily manipulated and tend to be controlled by the contents of their trousers. ‘Men Should Weep’ is a play which examines how the family unit crumbles under the pressure of poverty. ‘John’ the father of the family is the main male figure throughout the play. His wife Maggie does everything for him and their family. However although there is always a lot to be done John manages not to do anything to help as he would never want to damage his alter ego. Not only doesn’t he help around the house but he is also unemployed. This says a lot about John’s character and implies that he is a selfish self-centred character. ‘I’d an idea a was heid o this hoose’ Although John gives the family no support in anyway he is still quite content in thinking that he is head of the household. Due to the way society was at this time it implied that women had to do as their husbands told them. Once women married they were their husband’s property. Men in that day and age overruled women they were more powerful and a lot of women feared them for various reasons. Domestic abuse was a main reason for this fear. Although a lot of women were domestically abused it wasn’t something they talked about. Mrs Bone one of the neighbours which are used as a vehicle to examine how men have a hold over women in the play is a victim of domestic abuse. ‘I just canna understand a women who lets her man bash her aboot†¦..’ Standing up to men was unheard of you just wouldn’t... ...Brendan doesn’t know about. Grant is seen to give Barbs a lot of happiness but their relationship ends with Grant asking. ‘Why are you so ashamed of me?’ This portrays Grant as a very naà ¯ve character as Barbs was only using him for a bit of fun the relationship as never serious, yet he looked upon it to be. In conclusion the portrayal of men and masculinity in two Scottish plays that I have studied are that they completely dominate the society. They are selfish self-absorbed characters. In â€Å"Men Should Weep† this is portrayed through John a very self-absorbed character. I think the writer’s purpose was to show how bad the conditions were that people use to live in and some people still do. In â€Å"Perfect Days† the men are portrayed to be very stupid and weak characters. I feel that the writer’s purpose was to show that women can cope without men.