Faith Or Destiny - Young Goodman Brown Essays - Young Goodman Brown

Faith Or Destiny - Young Goodman Brown Faith or Destiny Nathaniel Hawthorne made his mark as a major American writer in 1850, with the publication of The Scarlet Letter. His work appeals to different levels of readers because he creates complex and elaborate settings. Through conflicts within his characters, he analyzes the moral and psychological issues often consumed by their own passions. As he was growing up he could not escape the influence of Puritan religion. This influence along with the setting of his hometown in Salem, Massachusetts are common topics in his work in Young Goodman Brown. Nathaniel Hawthorne considers the question of good and evil, suggesting that true evil is judging and condemning others for sin without looking at one's own sinfulness. He examines the idea that sin is part of being human and there is no escape from it. Of the many symbols he uses in this story, each has a profound meaning. They represent good and evil in the constant struggle of a young innocent man whose faith is being tested. A s the story begins, Young Goodman Brown bids farewell to his young wife Faith, as [she] was aptly named (211). When she thrust her own pretty head into the street, letting the wind play with the pink ribbons of her cap we associate the purity of Faith and the pink ribbons as a sign of the innocence and goodness of the town he is leaving behind (211). As he continues on his present evil purpose he sets off at sunset to enter the forest (212). A place darkened by all the gloomiest trees, unknown territory, and a place where there may be a devilish Indian behind every tree, with this we know the forest represents evil and sinfulness (212). His decision to enter the forest and leave his Faith behind is the first decision, of many, between good and evil that he must make. After entering the forest he meets a traveler whom he later finds out is the devil. He is carrying a staff representing evil, which bore the likeness of a great black snake, so curiously wrought, that it might almost be seen to twist and wriggle itself, like a living serpent (213). When the traveler offers his staff to Young Goodman Brown he resists by replying, having kept covenant by meeting thee here, it is my purpose to return whence I came. I have scruples, touching the matter thou wot'st of (213). Still feeling strong in resisting temptation, Young Goodman Brown refuses to be the first of the name of Brown, that ever took this path, and kept- (213). At this time he feels he can resist any temptation by keeping his faith. He refuses to believe the devil when he reveals to him that he has been well acquainted with [his] family[they] were good friends (213). In disbelief Young Goodman Brown is devastated, but knows that he still has his Faith. It would break her dear little heart; and I'd rather break my own!' (214). Trying desperately he holds on to his Christian belief, that he is going to Heaven, even when he recognizes the old woman who passes and says That old woman taught me catechism! (2 15). Soon after he also hears Deacon Gookin and the minister discussing the evenings event. Knowing that these people, in his mind were the forefront of goodness on Earth, he is shattered as, Young Goodman Brown caught hold of a tree, for support, being ready to sink down on the ground, faint and overburdened with the heavy sickness of his heart (216). He again tries to resist temptation and cries out, With Heaven above, and Faith below, I will yet stand firm against the devil! (216). But when he hears many voices and among them is Faith, in desperation he yells out to her. As he awaits a response, a pink ribbon that fluttered lightly down through the air as he catches it he cries, My Faith is gone!There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come, devil! for to thee is this world given (217). When he reaches his final destination he has lost all faith in mankind and everything he

Lie Detectors Tell Lies The Unreliability of Polygraphs Used in Criminal Trials and Investigations essays

Lie Detectors Tell Lies The Unreliability of Polygraphs Used in Criminal Trials and Investigations essays Lie Detectors Tell Lies : The Unreliability of Polygraphs Used in Criminal Trials and Polygraphs, commonly known as lie detector tests, are in question to whether or not they are realiable enough to use in court cases. The common test used in criminal investigations is the Control Question Test (CQT) . The CQT works by comparing physiological disturbances that occur when questions are asked which are relative to the crime in question. Vague control questions are asked to allow an innocent person to show more physiological disturbances to the vague questions than to the questions which are directly relevant to the crime at hand. If the person in question shows more disturbances when asked the relevant questions, it is a good indication of deception (Honts 309). Even though courts and criminal investigators do permit other unreliable evidence such as eyewitness testimonies, the polygraph is not reliable enough to be allowed as evidence in the delicate process and evidence in criminal investigations. Polygraphs can too easily be defeated by simple countermeasures to be accepted as reliable and allowed in criminal investigations. Charles Honts , David Raskin, and John Kircher from the Department of Psychology at the University of Utah state the following in their article Mental and Physical Countermeasures Reduce the Accuracy of Polygraph Tests: Research has shown that training in simple physical maneuvers, such as biting the tongue or pressing the toes to the floor, can be effective in defeating polygraph tests by enhancing physiological reactions to control questions. Honts, Hodes, and Raskin reported that 60% of their decisions were incorrect when subjects had been trained to unobtrusively bite their tongues and press their toes to the floor when control questions were presented during the test. Using similar training and stronger incentives to pass the test,...

Deafness Critique Scholarly Articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Deafness Critique Scholarly Articles - Essay Example In total 19 children participated in the study from which 10 were females and 9 males, aged 12-14 years. Children included in the study had binaural, sensori-neural severe to profound hearing loss. Children with hearing loss often have difficulties acquiring spoken language, vocabulary problems and reading comprehension deficits. Their voice and speech features disturb their speech intelligibility, which in turn disrupts their functioning in various areas such as communication skills, academic success and social behaviour. Spoken language deficits represent an enormous impediment for the construction of social relationships; likewise academic success may be affected because of reduced participation in the classroom. Children with hearing loss have difficulties to communicate with their teacher and hearing peers; in fact, students who are more skilful in their spoken language integrate better than their less skilled counterparts. The article examines socio-emotional characteristics of inclusion showing its relevance when educators are request to approach their students with disabilities in an efficient manner. A suitable educational program which fulfils the requirements of children with disabilities may help them to achieve optimal academic and social benefits. The investigator studied the relationship between speech intangibility in the context of group inclusion and individual inclusion. Group inclusion refers to special classes within regular schools; and individual inclusion refers to individuals integrated into regular classes with only hearing peers. Results of the study concerning emotional and social feelings of children with hearing loss, revealed no significant difference for either, sense of loneliness or sense of coherence between children in the two educational settings. These results are in line with the outcomes from other studies which reported similar findings indicating that increased loneliness experience and academic failure or educational s etting are not related. Indeed, the report of such socio-emotional feelings is intrinsic to the disability itself and to the experience of living with disabilities. Comparable to other children at risk for learning disabilities, children with hearing loss feel different from the rest of the group having deepest sense of loneliness and lower coherence. On the other hand the study showed a significant difference in relation to the score of speech intelligibility and the environment that surrounds the child. In group inclusion setting children had lower speech intelligibility score than did children in individual inclusion setting. On this respect the possibility to rely solely on spoken language makes the difference; children in group inclusion probably use simultaneously communication skills which are different from speech. Moreover, children attending individual inclusion at school rated by their peers as having better speech intelligibility reported less loneliness and more coheren ce. Bearing in mind that good speech intelligibility is used as criteria to include a child in one setting or another, cause-effect interaction should also be deliberated when considering these results. Inclusion involves modifications in the regular classroom to accommodate all different learners, offering special services to meet the needs of all children within the regular classroom. In an inclusive setting the educator has the primary responsibility for teaching

Communication Behaviors and Organizational Culture Research Paper

Communication Behaviors and Organizational Culture - Research Paper Example The two factors can apply individually or intertwine in an organization. In this context, organizational performance may refer to levels of customer satisfaction, quality, and quantity in production, sustainability, motivation, and compliance to set standards. Moreover, communication in the workplace is very fundamental since it defines how different stakeholders relate to an organization. On the other hand, organizational culture derives a lot of significance in an organization in that it defines the uniqueness of operations in the workplace. Notably, there can be an interface between communication behaviors and organizational culture since the design and implementation of organizational culture is the mandate of the same management. At the same time, the interface of communication behaviors among the managers and organizational culture can have subtle effects on the organization and its performance. This leads us to the research question, which seeks to establish how communication behaviors, organization culture, and their interface affect organizational performance. ... Organizational communication measures the levels of transmitting information about the organization from the organization to the stakeholders. It has the direct and indirect influence on organizational performance (Garnett et al, 2008). Notably, communication applies to all stakeholders in an organization. Indeed, there are two types of communication in an organization, which includes internal organizational communication and external organizational communication (Rho, 2009). Specifically, internal organizational communication may be horizontal, downward, or upward depending on the source and recipient of information. Downward communication is the most dominant and it involves the flow of information from the management to the subordinates. The information in this communication relates to job instruction, orders, job description, organizational goals, and company policies (Rho, 2009). Effective downward communication ensures that employees understand and adhere to the objectives, mis sion, and overall strategy of an organization thus improving its performance. Indeed, employees will seek to perform to the organization directives thus ensuring productivity that will reflect the organization’s aims, which will guarantee customer satisfaction and increased returns. On the other hand, upward communication refers to the flow of information from the subordinates to the management. Such information relates to work progress, challenges, opportunities, recommendations, aspects of other competitors, and feelings about the organization and the management (Rho, 2009).  Ã‚  

Strategic Retail Management in Competitive Environment Essay

Strategic Retail Management in Competitive Environment - Essay Example Perception of many people from brand name has moved towards product quality cost and service delivered (Experian, 2011). This has motivated several new retailers to enter into the already competitive market. This has raised survival issues for many new and old retailers, and demands for new strategies and activities to sustain their position in the market (Experian, 2011). The culture of buying has shifted largely towards online viewing and ordering. People visiting the store are easy to urge towards company’s product, and they are the ones who gives the company greater revenue than the online buyers (Experian, 2011). However, this ratio has also taken a 180 degree change in many of the top retail stores, including the ones discuss in this paper, where online buyers makes around 80% of the total income of the company (Experian, 2011). 1. Competitive Environment of UK Retail Industry The retail sector of UK is the only largest private recruiter because it employs around three m illion people. This sector covers a prominent percentage of employment in UK because more than half of the UK population work part time in retail stores. The retail industry of UK is immensely supportive for the economy of the region as it generates abundance of revenue to sustain the economical position of UK. Therefore, the in order to evaluate the environment of this sector Porter’s five forces analysis and PEST analysis of the industry are being done (Obitz, 2009). Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of UK Luxury Retail Sector The analysis of the retail industry of UK is significant for accomplishing the purpose of the paper. Therefore, when it comes to analyze the competitive environment of any industry, Porter’s Five Forces Model appears covering all the areas required for evaluating a competitive environment. i. Threats of Substitute The threat for substitute products in the luxury retail market of UK is quite low as non-food items sold by luxury retailers do n ot have major substitutes. This is due to the fact that buyers purchase luxury items as a result of their perceived luxury associated with their purchases and therefore they do not substitute these products. The threat of substitute is not apparent and the actual threat is only limited to the pricing offered by different retailers for similar products (Nwankwo & Gbadamosi, 2011). ii. Threats of New Entrants In the luxury retail side of the market, there are lower threats of the new entrants in the industry. This is due to the high level of barriers for developing brand and then high level of investment is required for developing brand recognition and its positioning in the luxury brand market. It is difficult for new market entrants to offer product differentiation in the cloth retailing and also change buyers’ attitude which keeps them loyal to already existing luxury brands. Moreover, it has been noted in the luxury retail market that existing brands place barriers for the new entrants by increasing their marketing activities and also undertaking other initiatives that could

Group Work On Presenting A Health Topic Nursing Essay

Group Work On Presenting A Health Topic Nursing Essay Individuals get together to form a group in order to accomplish a specific goal or task. The task was to work as a group and present a health topic by participating in a health fair. The process of preparing for the health fair included developing a needs assessment tool, creating a teaching plan, making a display board, and creating an evaluation tool. In order to analyze group process, it is necessary to look at the developmental stages of the group and the concepts involved in group decision making, conflict, and cohesion. The knowledge of group concepts can help me adjust to various roles in the health care team and how to be prepared for future challenges as a Registered Nurse. Discussion Decision Making Tuckmans model is a theory used to evaluate how a group is developing. Dimock and Kass (2007), describe the five stages of group growth called forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. Forming of the group takes place in the beginning stage, and tasks are distributed amongst the group. Group members are involved in making a number of group decisions that include how to organize and distribute the work, when to meet, and how to approach the goal. Group decision making can be described as the process of moving from a diverse set of individual positions or preferences to agreement on consensus choice for the group (Kerr Tindale, 2004). For example, the decision on which health fair topic to teach to the public was made on consensus. There were a number of similar topics on how to promote health to the community. Two groups had nutrition and it was decided that both groups could have the same topic but have different focuses. Our group had importance of breakfast while the other group focused on fast food. Also, groups were placed at different ends of the school so information could reach a wide variety of people. Group members possess prior knowledge and expertise, which can be distributed within the group effecting group performance (Rulke Galaskiewicz, 2000). Student D had background knowledge in computers and was given the task of calculating the results of the questionnaire. Student C had excellent communication skills and was able to hand out the questionnaires to several people. When designing the learning needs assessment tool and the overall look of the display board, it was decided that student A would be assigned this task because of previous skills in arts. Other decisions based on consensus included, when to meet up as a group because it was important that each group member was there to contribute to the work. It was difficult to get together because of other priorities, family, work, and school. When making the learning needs assessment tool, it was decided that each member would bring a few questions each, to makeup the questionnaire. Also, decisions of what to bring to the health fair and how to present the information took group effort and decision making. When a consensus is not made as a group, conflict can occur causing problems of reaching the goal. Conflict Conflict is a normal stage of group development and can be seen in the storming stage of Tuckmans model. According to Jehn Mannix (2001), conflict occurs when group members have incompatible views and differences. Conflict can be characterized in three group called relationship, task and process conflict. Relationship conflict is when group members are not getting along causing tension and friction. For example, student E did not finish her journal on the date the group decided on. Also, student E was late coming to meetings and made decisions on their own without consensus of the group. This caused tension amongst the other group members and feeling of frustration towards student E. Task conflict is a difference of ideas and opinions regarding group task (Jehn Mannix, 2001). For example, when making the display board, students worked in pairs or individually and not as a group. Student C was unclear of what pictures should be used for the board and student A started placing pictures onto the board without group collaboration. There was a difference of ideas of what the board should display and how it should be displayed. Jehn Mannix (2001), define process conflict as an awareness of controversies about aspects of how task accomplishment will proceed. Process conflict pertains to issues of duty and resource delegation, such as who should do what and how much responsibility different people should get. This can be observed when making the learning needs assessment tool. The group made it clear of what task each student was assigned to do. During this assignment, each student had to bring in three questions to make the questionnaire. Student A did the typing, B and C were to collect the information and put it together, while student D and E had to do the reference. Student E decided to do the assignment on her own which created conflict. There was no communication or decision making process as to how to create the questionnaire. The group could have handled this conflict differently by understanding group member roles and how they impact each other. Cohesion The group can be seen at the performing stage where interpersonal conflict has been resolved and a feeling of belonging to the group has been formed. In the performing stage, the group has a high degree of autonomy and work towards accomplishment of goals (Dimock Kass, 2007). For the health fair presentation, the group coordinated well in bringing the ideas of all group members. Student A gathered all the information to be displayed on the board. Student B and E chose the breakfast food items that were to be handed out. Student D was knowledgeable in how breakfast can affect student performance. Also, student C was able to get the message across to the public about the benefits of eating breakfast. Towards the end, group members understood each other better and became comfortable about being part of the group. Learning These concepts are important as a Registered Nurse because leadership is an important quality. Leaders are skilled in thinking reflectively, communicating, making decisions, solving problems, and working with others (Sullivan Decker, 2005). This assignment has helped to practice and improve on my role as a leader and increase my confidence in this role. I hope to develop strong leadership abilities to meet the challenges in the role change to Registered Nurse. Working collaboratively, resolving conflict, communicating in an assertive manner are skills that students can learn to practice in groups. These skills are also valuable to new nursing graduates (Rideout, 2001). As Registered Nurses have opportunities for several leadership positions the need to increase knowledge of group process is important. According to Rideout (2001), applying principles of group dynamics to interactions with families and community groups during care is a part of everyday work of nurses. An example of a leadership role is a nurse as an educator. Nurses provide health teaching to clients and share expertise to team members. The ability to function as an effective team member requires the ability to take on different roles (Dimock Kass, 2007). Conclusion In conclusion, the health fair assignment has helped me to learn how to approach decision making, deal with conflict, and become a member of a team. It was a great learning experience to get out into the community to do health teaching. Being able to bring people together outside of the classroom and have fun teaching others about the importance of healthy eating. Using self-evaluation and being aware of these concepts can improve my leadership skills as a Registered Nurse in the health care team.

Masculinity in Men Should Weep by Ena Lamont Stewart and Perfect Days b

Masculinity in "Men Should Weep" by Ena Lamont Stewart and "Perfect Days" by Liz Lochead Both plays portray men under a negative light. In ‘Men Should Weep’ men are the dominant sex and are seen socially of far greater importance. Whereas in ‘Perfect days’ men are easily manipulated and tend to be controlled by the contents of their trousers. ‘Men Should Weep’ is a play which examines how the family unit crumbles under the pressure of poverty. ‘John’ the father of the family is the main male figure throughout the play. His wife Maggie does everything for him and their family. However although there is always a lot to be done John manages not to do anything to help as he would never want to damage his alter ego. Not only doesn’t he help around the house but he is also unemployed. This says a lot about John’s character and implies that he is a selfish self-centred character. ‘I’d an idea a was heid o this hoose’ Although John gives the family no support in anyway he is still quite content in thinking that he is head of the household. Due to the way society was at this time it implied that women had to do as their husbands told them. Once women married they were their husband’s property. Men in that day and age overruled women they were more powerful and a lot of women feared them for various reasons. Domestic abuse was a main reason for this fear. Although a lot of women were domestically abused it wasn’t something they talked about. Mrs Bone one of the neighbours which are used as a vehicle to examine how men have a hold over women in the play is a victim of domestic abuse. ‘I just canna understand a women who lets her man bash her aboot†¦..’ Standing up to men was unheard of you just wouldn’t... ...Brendan doesn’t know about. Grant is seen to give Barbs a lot of happiness but their relationship ends with Grant asking. ‘Why are you so ashamed of me?’ This portrays Grant as a very naà ¯ve character as Barbs was only using him for a bit of fun the relationship as never serious, yet he looked upon it to be. In conclusion the portrayal of men and masculinity in two Scottish plays that I have studied are that they completely dominate the society. They are selfish self-absorbed characters. In â€Å"Men Should Weep† this is portrayed through John a very self-absorbed character. I think the writer’s purpose was to show how bad the conditions were that people use to live in and some people still do. In â€Å"Perfect Days† the men are portrayed to be very stupid and weak characters. I feel that the writer’s purpose was to show that women can cope without men.

Personal Development Plan to evaluate strategic skills

In this instance survey I like to put to death a personal audit from my ain activity and how it is acquiring related to my personal and professional life relevantly. Furthermore to analyse my ain accomplishments, I have designed a questionnaire to happen the strength, failing, chances and menaces. There are different methods of larning manners in which I have opted honey and mumford, which contains militant, reflector, theoretician and pragmatist. Theorist manner is the one which is best for me and to develop my ain accomplishments for better calling. In the patterned advance program I have tabulated a personal development chart and how the professional accomplishments are helpful for leading demands. To develop our leading skills we are need to be self motivated and effectual communicating accomplishment is required.2.1 Personal audit to measure the strategic accomplishmentsPersonal auditA is an of import measure when you are developing a calling alteration. If we are acute about bettering callings, so we need to build a elaborate perceptive of our strengths and endowments. If we are seeable on this, so it is easy can measure calling dreams with your accomplishments and strength physically. When we improve the personal accomplishments, at the same time our professional accomplishments are acquiring developed when we work in an organisation. And more over that leads us to better our cognition and to accomplish a strategic end.2.1.1 Personal SWOT analysisSWOT analysis has been loosely used as a analytical and project-planning tool. And this analysis helps us to concentrate on cardinal issues of importance to the undertaking in manus. Furthermore the SWOT procedure can besides be used in a personal position. When used in this way it can demo us how to take full advantage of students ‘ endowment and abilities. It can assist to expose new larning chances and eliminate perceived menaces in the acquisition environment.StrengthsSelf assurance and ego motive are my lone strength and due to this strength I have crossed several critical phases. By lifting my accomplishments I performed really good in my organisation and that leads me in a good appellation. Furthermore I can talk about my watchfulness and caution as my strength.FailingMy immense failing is being unagitated. Because of this people around me takes more advantage and that puts me in defeated phase. And I am truly unable to do determinations rapidly. Due to this I am missing from my normal plants.OpportunitiesDreams, ends and wants are been considered as chances. And there is a stating as â€Å" chance knocks the door merely one time † . Likewise I got an chance in my organisation an twelvemonth ago..i utilized the chance and at present I am working as a supervisor in my organisation. i found tonss of troubles, but I enjoyed confronting those critical state of affairss. I took it in a positive manner as a good lesson. And now I can pull off any critical circumstance, which is made by client or by my squad people I can counter it really easy. In this instance I can state larning from experience manner as my leading manner.MenacesI found tonss of menaces in my life, In which I can stat e few illustrations as when I arrive united land I find so difficult to last and felt bad in some state of affairss. Basically to happen any topographic points and to make my school in clip while larning. hence chances and threatsA can be used to foreground the deductions of this for instruction and learning.A Beginnings: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.teachingexpertise.com/articles/swot-analysis-personal-note-4892.2 Preferred Learning StyleHoney and MumfordMy learning outcome manner is Honey and Mumford, Honey and Mumford ( Peter and Alan ) are best known for theirA cognition manner questionnaire. This self-administered questionnaire determines yourA preferred learning manner. As a consequence of meaningful learning manner, we can alsoA avert reiterating mistakesA by enterprising activities that strengthen new manners.Beginnings: By Lyndsay Swinton Owner, Management for the Rest of Us.hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mftrou.com/honey-mumford.html Each of us learns in unusual ways. a few of us wish to analyze in deepness before we attempt a undertaking ; others reasonably to â€Å" acquire trapped into the occupation † and larn as we go aboard. Some of us are fulfilled when the methods we use to acquire the occupation done, others are excess bothered withA whyA a peculiar attack proved successful. nevertheless others spend clip thought from get downing to stop how the undertaking could be tackled more successfully following clip. Research by Peter Honey and Alan Mumford suggests that we may usefully see 4 basic â€Å" learning manners † They are:MilitantReflectorTheoristPragmatist.TheoristTheorists learn from most first-class activities where they observe and assume before talking. They work with unstructured rules and their uncertainness is truly high. Theorists think jobs through step- by-step. They tend to be perfectionists who like to suit things into a rational strategy. Theorist put them in complex state of affairs where they are truly necessitate to utilize their accomplishments and cognition. Theorists are offered interesting thoughts or constructs even though they are non instantly relevant. Theorists are academically stretched, e.g. by analyzing Logical, Rational, Objective, Perfectionist, and Restricted sidelong thought and evaluating, so generalize it. They do n't wish vacillation They do n't wish prejudice Keen on cardinal premises, rules, theories, theoretical accounts and systems base thought. Beginning: www.gp-training.net/ †¦ learning/learning_styles/hmlearningstyles.ppt Beginnings: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pd-how2.org/2_1.htm3.1 Developing a Personal Development PlanYour demands How can you run into those demands? How it is of import for me? How will you cognize when you have met those demands? What are the challenges in my occupation current that I need to run into? I need to accomplish something and travel for higher appellation when I meet those accomplishments I can put my calling in a good concern in hereafter. Where I can acquire full secured life. When I develop my accomplishments, I can recognize myself by to the full motivated and I do acquire good ability to manage any critical fortunes. Where do I desire to be in 2 old ages? I wish to be in a really monolithic concern, in which I like to take a good squad. Obviously I will acquire benefit and half of the calling end will be achieved. When I am keeping a large squad in a monolithic concern, so certain I will be known my success. Where do I desire to be in 5 or 10 old ages? To be honest, in following 5 old ages I want to be as a HR director, and to be as a good household adult male. When I get settled in calling sure its aid for my household and my future dreams. If I get a good occupation. How does that tantrum in with what the pattern wants? If we get more experience so certain we can make the life clip end. Deriving more cognition and we can learn our friends and household people every bit good. I feel if I improve my communicating accomplishment and assurance. Then iam sure that I can run into the complications in life.. What adjustments will I need to do for me to accomplish what I want? Need to co operate with people and carry through our plants. We learn more in life. It helps me in my hereafter. When I present a presentation without any vacillation. Then its half achieved. What accommodations will other people need to do for me to accomplish what I want? Peoples need to understand others concerns and should seek to actuate instead than knocking. There wont be any letdowns. When we start accomplishing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours demands. Then I will come to cognize my success. What else should I see? I need to see with good experient individuals. Because patterns plays a major function in all plants I can cognize myself whether iam traveling in right way. When learning my work to others..3.2 The Outcomes Of Personal Development PlanIn this instance I feel that I am truly theorist when I analyzed myself rationally From this development program I evaluated myself that if I need something to accomplish, we are suppose to be self motivated and energetic. This plays a major function where the people who works with me get trained by seeing myself. From this I came to cognize that the leading accomplishments are more of import for each of us to accomplish their aspire. When we work with a skilled worker V learn so many things. For case. In my organisation there are so many people who r truly dedicated and ability to confront such critical places. When we get some duties in our organisation we need to manage it skilfully furthermore when we work with good preparation directors, we will cognize what clip direction is and how we need to segregate and schedulize the work professionally. Furthermore this professionalism helps us to put a good calling where of all time we go for occupation. if we get placed in a large concern like Mercedes benz. The leading is so immense and the working accomplishment is extremely qualified. Taking duty to educate yourself about emphasis provides you with a strong foundation for perpetrating yourself to pull offing emphasis more efficaciously.The Impact Of Own Learning Against The Achievement Of Strategic Goals..

The Role of the ICJ Essay Example

The Role of the ICJ Essay Example The Role of the ICJ Essay The Role of the ICJ Essay The International Court of Justice (also known as the World Court or ICJ) is the primary judicial organ of the United Nations. Its main functions are to settle legal disputes submitted to it by member states and to give advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international organs, agencies and the UN General Assembly. The ICJ acquires its authority thorough the Article 92, which is part of the UN Charter. This states in accordance with the annexed Statute, which is based upon the Statute of the Permanent Court of International Justice and forms an integral part of the present Charter. Article 92 UN Charter) This enables the ICJ to function at a level of acceptance and allows equality and justice to flow freely. Although the central court is in Hague (Holland), councils can be held elsewhere, whenever it is deemed acceptable. The ICJ holds the ability to pass judgment on disputes between states and attempt to ratify them. It is open to all states that are in accord with the statute and all those who are in agreement of the conditions that are laid down. Due to the ICJ having nominal enforcement powers, Article 94 of the Charter states that each party of the UN must comply with the decision of the ourt in any case to which it is a party. There are also further provision which include: If any party to a case fails to perform the obligations incumbent upon it under a judgement rendered by the court, the other party may have recourse to the Security Council, which may, if it deem necessary, make recommendations or decide upon measures to be taken to give effect to the judgment. (Article 94 UN Charter). The court is then authorized by other documents Article 65 of the Statute which addresses any legal queries that may be made in accordance with the UN Charter in regards to making a legal request. Another document Article 96 of the Charter provides that opinions may be requested by the General or other members of the UN such as specialized agencies. Because of the ICJs limited powers it holds more of an advisory role. This then causes a stringent need to follow the charter and keep actions short in order to resolve a larger amount of cases before they failure to do so. This would then result in shortcomings and thus create turmoil in regards to its effectiveness in maintaining its goal of World peace. The ICJ was founded in 1946 and since then they have dealt with 41 controversial cases between various states delivering 21 advisory opinions. It has many failures and successes, with an astonishingly high degree of compliance in regards to the verdict that the ICJ makes. There are only two known cases where the states did not comply with the ICJs judgment. These cases were the Corfu Channel Case and the US-Nicaragua. One possible reason for this was the fact that the ICJs compliance is on voluntary basis and therefore States can not seek the ICJs verdict without first accepting the courts verdict beforehand. One example of a successful case was the intervention of the ICJ on the fishing rights in the Fisheries case (1951). The ICJ settled a verdict in favor of Norway as the dispute between them and the United States as there were British fishing vessels within Norwegian waters. Another successful ICJ case was the North Sea Continental Shelf cases (1969). This case involved Denmark, Netherlands and West Germany. This was a successful settlement and was crucial as it open up the facility of oil and gas in the North Sea. More recently the ICJ resolved a boarder clash between Burkina Faso and Mali. (1986). This Frontier Dispute case was ruled in Belgiums favor as the two separate pieces of land that were disturbed by Belgium and Holland where in fact part of Belgium. On the other hand the ICJ is renowned for its failures as well as its successes. These include the inability to resolve inner-state disputes and to date more than 40 unresolved cases have been submitted to the ICJ. Some of the cases have involved parties fulfilling illegal duties and have not accepted the jurisdiction of the court. An example of this is in Israel, Us and the UK (1955) as they all bought down and Israeli civilian aircraft over their territory. Bulgaria rejected ICJ jurisdiction and therefore the ICJ had to let the case go as too much time was already wasted. Another example of the ineffectiveness of the ICJ was in 1960 where Ethiopia and Liberia brought forward a case claiming that South Africa was violating the human rights of the natives that resided in Namibia. After a long period of time and through a tedious process the ICJ finally gave their verdict. They were in favor of the case and ruled it as illegal and thus claimed procedural point. Another limit in effectiveness was the case of the Ruling on the Israeli Security Barrier (Wall) (July 9, 2004). This barrier caused a separation between the West Bank (Judea and Samaria) and the areas inside Israel. The ICJ failed to take down the wall as they felt that it was not violating the principals of international law and as a result the Israeli High Court stated against the ICJ and ruled that specific portions of the barrier had to be moved in order to spare Palestinian Arab residents inordinate suffering. (Israeli High Court). All the above ineffectiveness reflects the initiations of the ICJ in regards to the settlement of various disputes. The actual limited effectiveness cannot be placed upon the court itself as the ICJs objective position has enabled to be as fair as possible. For example: No two ICJ judges may be of the same nationality, but due to human prejudices not all discriminative happenings can be eradicated. In addition another major issue is the fact that more powerful states and their issues with security and peace have rarely been addressed as they are rarely submitted. This is because most governments tend to consider the recognition of the jurisdiction of the court as infringing on their sovereignty. Furthermore the ICJ has often been criticized by the extensive time consumption with nominal results as it may take several years for a case to be heard and acted upon or even reach a final judgment. Hence it is very time consuming to go through the ICJ and often considered a waste of resources and lack of efficiency. Although it cannot be wholly blamed as varied parties involved in the claims often request more time for preparation of their cases. Since it is usually voluntary it really cannot be expected to resolve all cases and definitely not be held accountable for legal actions that follow after it has been settled. Despite the fact that the ICJ has had many failures and successes it still remains a positive diplomat for international law and also a dissemination of the principals of sovereignty, non-conquest, human rights and the rights of existence, self-defense in regards to the state. In addition the ICJ has helped determine certain disputes and difficulties experienced by various states. Most importantly the ICJ provides an alternative for states to reconcile disputes through the use of third party intervention and thus results in more equality as strive for world peace.

Controlling Environmental Pollution in UK The WritePass Journal

Controlling Environmental Pollution in UK REFERENCE LIST: Controlling Environmental Pollution in UK IntroductionControlling Air PollutionControlling Water PollutionControlling Noise PollutionControlling Land PollutionWaste ManagementAnimal Life protection and country side preservationPollution Prevention and Control Regulations 2000AssessmentConclusionREFERENCE LIST:Related Introduction Environmental pollution has been a huge concern since many centuries even in a number of developed nations which were characterized by old civilizations and well settled societies that were later on modified by industrialization and modernization that brought in the need for effective waste disposal and implementation of appropriate and effective measures to reduce the extent of land, water, noise, air and countryside pollution. Noise pollution and air pollution became a major concern only after a few decades following the industrial revolution and attention was given to resolve these issues only after major incidents were witnessed across many places in the world such as the London Smog incident in 1952 that necessitated the country’s parliament to take immediate action and pass legislations (Clay Bassett, 1999, pp. 731-740). River pollution on the other hand also became a great concern at a much later stage when most of the inland rivers had been contaminated with industria l effluents, sewage discharge and untreated wastes. Though the major rivers such as the Thames have become much less polluted and support many fishes after massive efforts that have been taken over the years, other smaller and less popular rivers in interior parts of UK are still being polluted (Farmer, 1997, p. 105). A more detailed introspection of the measures taken by UK is warranted to understand the effects of parliamentary legislations in prohibiting environmental pollution. Controlling Air Pollution Air pollution in UK has been a major concern since many decades and a continuous problem owing to the extent of industrial contaminants, air borne particulate matter and dust. The Dutch Expert committee on Occupational Safety (2010, pp. 20- 74) performed a detailed examination of the level of endotoxins in the air borne atmosphere in various parts of UK. This committee recommended a 90 EU/m3 exposure level to ensure that people do not suffer from respiratory tract diseases due to inhalation of endotoxins though patients with respiratory tract illness, those with asthma and smokers were part of the high risk group. Another regulation that has helped control the release of fluorinated carbons into the atmosphere is the Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases Regulations 2009. An effective way to reduce these emissions would be by monitoring the extent of F-Gas Usage and indifferent sectors and in turn controlling their emissions. The Impact assessment carried out by Defra (2009, 1-107) laid down standards for improving checking, labelling, checking leakage, certification and registration for industries mainly associated with   fire protection, stationary and mobile air conditioning and refrigeration, high voltage operations, switch gear and solvent cleaning. The Air Standards Regulations 2010 provides a detailed assessment of the emissions of various pollutants and particulate matter that can be controlled as a duty of the state by measuring at multiple points and checking for the effectiveness of pollution prevention protocol implementation. This regulation defines a clear classification of the various kinds of pollutants categorized as hydrocarbons, particulates, metals, effluents, dust, and ozone depleting pollutants and so on. Hence, this has also proven to be an effective measure to help the state take necessary action to curb and check activities that lead to greater atmospheric pollution. At the same time, it provides a detailed review of the steps that are to be taken for appropriate and regular checking as a part of the state’s efforts in regulating polluting activities. These regulations have helped to elucidate the high level of air particulate pollutants in UK and bring their emission under control. Though the improvement in initial stages till early parts of the twenty first century had been less and slow moving, the developments that have occurred over the later decades have shown significant improvements in making UK part of a better pollution controlled league. Controlling Water Pollution Water pollution is another area that has required massive inputs and efforts in the UK. In earlier days, emissions of chemicals and industrial effluents into nearby water bodies were common practise. Due to this, inland rivers and lakes were greatly polluted and contaminated also making them unfit for water borne fishery and marine harvesting.   River catchment management and maintaining water quality took utmost priority during the later half of the twenty first century and a number of regulations were formed to ensure that the water is not polluted further and steps were taken to recycle the wastes and contaminants to improve existing water quality. Ground water abstraction, mineral extraction, waste water management for discharge and effluents have posed a huge concern to UK and are now being handled by the river catchment management. The control of Pollution Act in 1974 began to tighten the quality of river water through stringent regulation of water polluting activities and polluting industries. This set up a consent-based system for compliance, regular sample collection, testing and procedures for sample collection. It laid regulations on the volume, site of outfall and nature of discharges. These have been quite successful in reducing the extent of harmful effluents reaching water bodies though extensive efforts are still required to redeem all water bodies and reduce the risks due to pollution and subsequent water body contamination. Farmer explained that Surface water Directive (75/440/EEC) set out the requirements for quality of drinking water and classified as basic filtration, physical and chemical treatment and extensive physical and chemical treatment to distinguish the three major categories of drinking water. When the water is not purified as per these protocols, it is deemed unfit for drinking, is not certified and subsequently looked down and not consumed by the public in UK (1997, p. 107). Controlling Noise Pollution Noise pollution in UK has also been a matter of great concern and the Pollution control act also address these issues. This gave a the society the right to report instances of excessive noise pollution and require the corresponding activities such as work at a construction site to be re-modelled to produce lesser noise. The control of Noise at work Regulations 2005 was successful in bringing about noise reduction in work environments. According to these regulations, employees have the duty of assessing noise levels at their work places and also required to follow hearing protection guidelines according t which hearing protection must be supplied to workers when the noise level reached 80 db and workers are to compulsorily wear hearing protection gear when the noise level goes any higher and greater than 80db. Controlling Land Pollution Land pollution has been an area of huge concern especially due to waste disposal on land masses. The environment protection act of 1990 set out rules to help the state manage land   pollution by allowing local authorities to carry out land inspections to ensure that they are not contaminated and also take necessary action of clean up and waste disposal for land recovery. Many organizations including DEFRA and the Environment agency are devising schemes to bring about better land redemption techniques and their effective implementation. Along with this effective strategies for land filling and biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste management are being framed to better manage land resources and prevent their pollution. Waste Management Waste Management has been an area of huge concern for many decades owing to the volume of wastes produced on a daily basis and the need for effective system of waste segregation, treatment and suitable means of disposal that does not contaminate the ecosystem. Waste management regulations have become increasingly important in imposing stringent guidelines for waste treatment and disposal. This has helped reduce the harmful effects of improper waste disposal and bring in greater responsibility from industries and individuals in managing non-biodegradable and hazardous waste. The Environment Agency (2010, pp. 2-18)in UK has framed a waste sector plan in which a three year evaluation for 2006 to 2009 was carried out and a detailed report to manage wastes was prepared.   The Environment agency has also set out a process for waste collection, subsequent treatment, recovering energy materials and products from wastes and disposal using land filling and other methods. These methods also incorporate safety and health preservation as vital aspects. As a result of the sustained efforts, the waste strategy annual progress report given by DEFRA for 2008/90 (p. 4) had shown significant reductions in household waste amounting to about 26%, biodegradable waste land filling to about 8% and a 9% reduction in illegal waste activity such as flytipping. This shows the positive growth that UK has made in the direction of waste management though the management of hazardous waste still proves to be a concern. Animal Life protection and country side preservation Preservation of wild life and country side in UK has been a long sought after need that has been established through laws in recent years.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The country side commission in 1989 set out a few methods to ensure that the country side remains unaltered and undisturbed in the future. This has been brought about more extensively by society based organizations that might even be non-governmental such as the Sid Vale Association and other organizations such as the Campaign to protect rural England that have been successful in preserving the green belts in England and sustaining the ecosystem through public initiative. Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations 2000 One of the strong measures adopted against pollutions and its prevention in UK includes the Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations 2000 which details the requirements for installation of treatment plants, using effective techniques, defining pollutants, acquiring relevant permits for working conditions and requirements that emanate pollutants and compensations in relation to off-site conditions. These are important parameters that determine the effectiveness of these regulations to being about pollution control. This set of regulations is common to business setups such as power generation, manufacturing, waste management, intensive pig and poultry farming and other industries related to landfill sites and solvents. This broad classification has helped to bring about streamlining of many areas including emissions to land, water and air, emergency efficiency, waste reduction, raw material consumption, noise, vibration and heat reduction, accident prevention and conditioning the s ite preserve surrounding natural resources. Hence, this has brought about a major compliance standard for industrial and other setups in UK towards environmental preservation and pollution prevention. Assessment A number of regulations and legislative measures have been implemented in UK over a sustained period of time. Though some of these measures may not have materialized as they are difficult to check and assess on a continuous basis, significant improvements have resulted in over all pollution prevention and control. The efficacy of these regulations to act as regulatory and compliance norms for industries has been noteworthy. Especially the regulations that have been set out in the area of water pollution and waste management have been successful in raising the levels of water quality and reducing pollution due to contaminants. Other areas such as air pollution require a much more detailed introspection as they are more extensive in nature when it comes to contributory elements. The steps taken to control air pollution from the point of view of reviewing by state, permits for industrial setups, regulatory compliance for industrial emissions and air quality checking at different points have now evolved into suitable methods to combat the multi faceted aspects of continually increasing variations of air pollutants. The waste management regulations are now being implemented in all industrial sectors and are hence reducing the burden of solid waste and contaminants on the environment through the adoption of appropriate treatment methods. Yet, certain amounts of pollutants eventually reach the water bodies or barren lands which need to be curtailed. The country side preservation has been a more recent initiative and though the originally present natural environment and wild life cannot be regained completely, current efforts will prove to be contributory to improve the existing countryside environment. Conclusion Regulatory measures in the UK to control pollution of water and land have been multi-fold, yet they have not reached every part of the country though they are country wide standards. These measures have been successful in bringing down the levels of water and land pollution to a great extent and have also helped to recover water bodies such as Thames River in UK. The improvements in waste management are also noteworthy. Air pollution is one area that requires extensive planning and continuous appraisal due to a number of factors. Better implementation of the regulations already present and the framing of newer regulations to address other needs in the changing international environment will contribute greatly towards sustained improvement and preservation of the natural environment. REFERENCE LIST: Clay, H, H, Bassett, W, H 1999, Clay’s Handbook of Environmental Health, 18th edition, Taylor Francis, London, UK. Department for Environment food and Rural Affairs, DEFRA, (2000)  The Pollution Prevention and Control ( England and Wales) Regulations. London: HMSO. Department for Environment food and Rural Affairs, DEFRA, (2008)  Impact Assessment of Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases Regulations 2009. London: HMSO Department for Environment food and Rural Affairs, DEFRA, (2009)  Waste Strategy: Annual Progress Report 2008/2009. London: HMSO Dutch expert Committee on Occupational Safety (DECOS), a Committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands.  Endotoxins: Health-based recommended occupational exposure limit. The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands, 2010; publication no. 2010/04OSH Environmental Agency, EA (2010)  Waste Sector Plan: 3 year progress report 2006-2009. A joint report by the environmental services association and environment agency.  London: HMSO Environmental Protection, (2010)  The Air Quality Standards Regulation  2010 No 1001. London: HMSO Farmer, A 1997, Managing Environmental Pollution, Routledge Environmental Management Series, Routledge, London, UK. Health and Safety at Work,   (2006) The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005. London: HMSO.

Skype Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Skype - Essay Example Considering the rapid digitalization of the economies and an increasing trend towards the online market portals, it is vital for the modern businesses to resort exclusively or partially to e-marketing solutions and strategies. In fact e-marketing has redefined the ways the modern businesses are conducted. Ans. Skype being a complete e-commerce venture has an elaborate and well calibrated e-marketing strategy. A cursory perusal of the e-marketing activities undertaken by Skype reveals innovation and effectiveness at its best. The primary forte of Skype lies in its apt communication strategies and its state of the art customer relationship management (Krishnamurthy 2006). Skype has an exclusive e-marketing based advertising campaign that resorts to the regular strategies like hosting an exclusive website that enhances the awareness of the potential customers about the products offered by Skype and also connects them to these services. Skype also uses banner ads, text ads, pop-up ads and other such features (Krishnamurthy 2006). In addition Skype also uses e-mail and e-mail newsletters to disseminate information amongst the interested customers (Krishnamurthy 2006). Skype has an immaculate search engine optimization strategy. Skype extensively resorts to a personalized online customer c are that targets both the individual and corporate customers Krishnamurthy 2006). Ans. Skype is the most well known and cost effective VoIP based communication service. It enables its customers to make the regular telephonic communication to both the landline and cellular phones located anywhere in the world through the medium of the internet. In addition Skype offers other relevant services like file transfer and online conferencing. Though Skype has an effective and elaborate e-marketing strategy that advertises it’s economical and state of the art services amongst the people, the primary

Business Law - Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Business Law - Questions - Assignment Example The defendant informed the service provider that he was in no need of his services any longer and even rejected to compensate on 11th May. The service provider sued the defendant for breach of contract on 22nd May and the starting date of the contract was due on 1st June. The court ruled the decision in favouring the claimant as the defendant has breached the contract (Andrews, 2011, p.486). In case of tort law, a person is held responsible or is held accountable if he fails to exercise the duty of care in his operations. This means that a person is said to be tort liable if he has failed to rectify any foreseeable errors in his/her offerings. For example: In Willsher v Essex Area Health Authority case, an inexperienced doctor gave extra oxygen to a baby that was born prematurely, due to this, the baby lost one of his eye, the court held the doctor liable because the inexperienced doctor had to operate with same amount of care as an experienced doctor (Tuitt, 2004, p.44). In tort cas es, negligence holds great importance, if an individual wants to press charges against another individual, he should be able to prove that the individual was involved in conducting negligence. To succeed in a case of negligence, the person making the claim has to prove the defendant had a duty of care towards the person making the claim. ... Lastly, the person making the claim has to prove that due to the defendant’s negligence towards duty of care, the claimant experienced a loss. The claimant can only win the case only if he is able to prove that the loss was experienced due to defendant’s breach of duty and the loss could have been avoided if the defendant would have taken necessary actions. For example, in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson, Stevenson being the defendant was held responsible because of his negligence to carry out the duty of care, the person who made the claim, Mrs Donoghue, experienced health issues after drinking bottle of beer manufactured by the defendant and the decision even stated that the manufacturers duty is towards the ultimate consumer, thus, the ultimate consumer experienced loss and the manufacturer was considered responsible (Cooke, 2001, p.35). A business or an individual is said to be vicariously liable if he/she has a relationship according to law with the person or busi ness that has acted negligently and has caused harm. Such kinds of legal relationships include: relationship between and worker and the employer. Negligence included in vicarious liability is referred to as imputed negligence, one theory of liability pertaining to this kind of negligence is respondent superior, according to respondent superior employer is held responsible or liable for the acts of his/her employee as there is a relationship between the worker and the employer of agent and principle. This relationship refers to the relationship that states that an employee is acting on behalf of the employer and the employer will be held responsible if the employee